Windows 11 Pro's On-By-Default Encryption Slows SSDs Up to 45%

There is an article with shocking title https://www.tomshardware.com/news/windows-software-bitlocker-slows-performance

Fortunately, I don't use Microsoft Account Logon on my Windows 11 Pro computer and not affected by this disaster.

How to know if BitLocker drive encryption (BDE) is enabled or not:

Quote

Run CMD as administrator and run

manage-bde -status

Software encryption seriously degrades drive R/W performance and negatively impacts to user experience. This is my opinion, software drive encryption should not be used and should be avoided at any costs

There are several workaround to this problem:

1. Use hardware-based self encryption drive feature to accelerate/offload encryption/decryption
2. Disable BitLocker encryption

Option 1 is technically interesting. Most modern SSDs support Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Opal security subsystem class (SSC) 2.0 self encrypted drive (SED) feature. It seems, in order to use this feature, drive data should be cleared, enable OPAL with some tool, and clean install Windows operating system, then set BitLocker to use hardware-based encryption.

Anyone tried to enable BitLocker hardware encryption on OS system drive?

On recent months, I tried to enable BitLocker hardware encryption on Samsung 990 Pro, Samsung 980 Pro and Samsung 970 Pro with several computers, with no success so far.

With some googling, finally MSINFO32 shows the computer meets device encryption prerequisites with Intel NUC 12DCMi9 computer and Samsung 990 Pro. But

manage-bde -on -fet hardware

returns ERROR: An error occurred (code 0x803100b2): The drive specified does not support hardware-based encryption.

And Samsung Magician shows this device do not support Encrypted Drive feature.

Enable Encrypted drive and perform secure erase

Then clean install Windows 11 Pro

It seems the drive does not support Encrypted Drive feature.

I would not want bitlocker to run, so I never tried it, it's a nuisance when it's active. For work computers with anything remotely 'confidential' I'll live with it but on an audio server I keep all security paranoia options off.

I never turned it on. so it is no big deal to me.

It is pure technical interest, how to enable hardware encryption, how software disk encryption affect to compute performance and how much the impact is alleviated by hardware encryption. It is also preliminary exercise, potentially Microsoft mandates disk encryption in the future releases.

About enabling hardware encryption, it seems it is more difficult than I first thought. Information around this technology is sketchy. I'm considering to get different SSD to retry.

About performance impact of software encryption, it is rather obvious, software disk encryption is not light task for CPU. Benchmark shows higher CPU load and slower I/O performance, I do not believe some people on Internet say software disk encryption is light task for modern CPU.

Still no success so far.

Searched a bit and found this paper: https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP2019/papers/310.pdf

Currently Crucial NVMe does not support Windows hardware encryption of bitlocker. I think the paper affected to this decision at least some degree.

https://www.crucial.com/support/articles-faq-ssd/hardware-encryption-nvme-ssds

Maybe this paper is also related to current situation of Samsung NVMe (it is speculation, there is no definitive article found)

I learned, SSDs that supports encryption always encrypt stored data: When encryption is OFF, data is encrypted with default encryption key, therefore there is no performance penalty when hardware encryption is enabled.

In theory, hardware encryption is more secure than software encryption when it is implemented properly, because encryption key is not exist on main memory.

I hope this hardware encryption issue will be sorted out and enabling hardware encryption becomes more easier in the near future...